Human capital in urban management
H. Izadkhasti
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Differences in the fundamental factors of production and technology are cited as the reason for the disparity in growth rates by primary research. Improving the quality of human capital through education, the quality of institutions such as the public policies and innovation ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Differences in the fundamental factors of production and technology are cited as the reason for the disparity in growth rates by primary research. Improving the quality of human capital through education, the quality of institutions such as the public policies and innovation play an important role in economic growth. Also, technological innovation creates circumstances for any region to extract more value from limited resources to support sustainable economic growth. In this study, the effect of human capital, institutional quality, and innovation are investigated on regional gross domestic product per capita in oil-exporting countries. Moreover, the effect of institutional quality has been investigated on the regional gross domestic product through government consumption expenditures.METHODS: The panel data method is used to investigate the effect of human capital, institutional quality, and innovation on regional gross domestic product per capita from 2011 to 2021. The Levin-Lin-Chu test was employed to determine the reliability of the variables. The panel cointegration are used to ensure the existence of long-term relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. In order to select the pooling and panel method, Flemer's test was used, and Hausman's test was used to select fixed and random effects methods. Also, statistical and econometric analysis is done with Stata17.0 software.FINDINGS: The results of the random effects method in the first and the second models indicated that the human capital index has had a positive and significant effect on gross domestic product per capita at the level of 1% and its coefficient are 0.878 and 0.905, respectively. So, human capital improvement facilitating the absorption of technology, and boosting the productivity of production factors and increases economic growth. Also, the institutional quality has had a positive and significant effect on gross domestic product per capita at the 1% level in the first model and its coefficient is 0.182. Moreover, the coefficient of interaction effects of institutional quality and government consumption expenditure in second model is 0.073 and is statistically significant at the 1% level. According to this, Institutional quality shape the economic environment of countries and improves the economic performance. The Innovation index has had a positive and significant effect on gross domestic product per capita at the level of 1% and its coefficient in the first and the second models are 0.324 and 0.331, respectively. Therefore, strengthening the innovation system expanding the supply of new products and services.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that, growth rate of gross domestic product per capita averaged at 2.12% over the sample period with standard deviation of 3.66 among the selected oil-exporting countries. Based on the results, improving the human capital through education and the acquisition of diverse skills have led to an increase in gross domestic product per capita at the level of 1%. In addition, the institutional quality limit government spending and direct financial resources towards healthy investments. According to this, institutional quality has increased regional gross domestic product through government consumption expenditures at the level of 1%. In addition, improving the system of innovation by maximizing the use of existing resources and boosting productivity has increased production.
Human capital in urban management
M. Pourehtesham
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Most economists believe that the lack of investment in manpower is the cause of low economic growth in developing countries, and as long as these countries do not use their knowledge to improve their professional skills, the return on labor and capital will remain at a low ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Most economists believe that the lack of investment in manpower is the cause of low economic growth in developing countries, and as long as these countries do not use their knowledge to improve their professional skills, the return on labor and capital will remain at a low level. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of human capital on the relationship between technological advances and economic growth in Southwest Asia within 2000 and 2018. For this purpose, the growth of internet economy in the world and the development of education for strengthening the human capital and its effect on the world economic growth were studied.METHODS: The technological advances were assessed using two Components of the number of… internet users …and the number of mobile subscribers. The scope of this research is from 2000 to 2018.The Generalized Movement Method and the EViews 10.0 software were used to test the research hypothesis through model.FINDINGS: The first model showed that the significant effect of human capital on the relationship between internet and economic growth. In this model, the internet coefficient was equal to 0.357, implying that the economic growth in the studied countries would increase at a rate of 0.0357 units with the increase of the internet coefficient by one unit. Moreover, the human capital coefficient was equal to 0.0618, implying that the economic growth in the intended countries would be improve by 0.06 units with the increase of the human capital coefficient by one unit. The second model revealed the significant relationship between mobile phones and economic growth in the countries with a higher human capital involving the educated employed people. This was consistent with the results of self-correlation of fixed effects.CONCLUSION: According to the results, it was concluded that human capital would moderate the relationship between internet and economic growth. Moreover, it was confirmed that the effect of education on the relationship between mobile phones and economic growth was significant.
Human capital in urban management
M. Alizadeh; M. baoosh; A. Rahimy
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Management experts believe that in order to achieve competitive advantage, Human resource management is the most important factor, because human capital according to characteristics such as: scarcity, value creation, irreplaceability and imitation, it is different from other ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Management experts believe that in order to achieve competitive advantage, Human resource management is the most important factor, because human capital according to characteristics such as: scarcity, value creation, irreplaceability and imitation, it is different from other organizational assets. Due to the importance of human resource management, this study seeks to describe the 100-year historical trend of human resource management in the world, Iran and Municipality of Tehran.METHOD: In this research, the philosophy of interpretive research, inductive research approach, historical research strategy are selected and the method of data collection is library and field with document review tools and semi-structured interviews. The historical sources studied in this research include: theoretical literature of human resources, laws and regulations of human resources in different periods of the municipality, employment regulations, strategic documents and human resources and five-year development plans of Tehran. For this purpose, non-random and purposeful sampling was performed from the research community, which includes senior managers of human resources of Municipality of Tehran, who have been in charge since 1987. In this way, 10 people were interviewed. Data analysis was performed by qualitative content analysis.FINDINGS: Human resource management in the world can be divided into 10 periods: before the Industrial Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the emergence of modern companies, scientific management, social welfare movement, industrial psychology, World War I. After World War II, industrial relations divided the emergence of the field of human resource management, strategic focus on human resource management and human resource management in the era of cloud and mobile technology. The study of the historical trend of human resource management in Iran has been influenced by the employment laws of the country in 1922, 1966 and 2007 and according to it, the country is witnessing a change in human resource management from traditional (administrative and recruitment) to specialized and professional (strategic). Human resource management in Municipality of Tehran in the framework of the mission, development programs and development documents of human resources in the direction of playing administrative (recruitment, selection, promotion) and executive roles (training, development, empowerment, succession) has taken many steps and with simultaneous focus on inside and outside the organization, has moved towards urban Human resource management.CONCLUSION: The results of the research provide important information about the historical course of Human resource management in three levels of the world, Iran and Municipality of Tehran, and by studying it, the gap between human resource management activities and measures are achieved.
Human capital in urban management
B. Mirafshar; M.R. Babaei; E. Rostamy Roochi; A. Rashidi; V. Pourahad
Abstract
Human capital is considered as a strategic resource among the main resources of any organization and an important factor in producing and presenting services to the society. Improving the productivity of human capital is the main cause of the improvement of productivity in organizations. Management of ...
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Human capital is considered as a strategic resource among the main resources of any organization and an important factor in producing and presenting services to the society. Improving the productivity of human capital is the main cause of the improvement of productivity in organizations. Management of human capital development, focuses on the quantitative models and technics to test the productivity of the entire system. The central goal is to determine common and distinguishable indicators of human capital productivity in two levels of staff (individual) and organization (management). According to the previous researches and available managerial theories, 29 variables were selected for two main indicators in two levels of staff and organization. Due to the complexity of testing the productivity in the urban management organizations and the need to determine the variables, exploratory factor analysis test was randomly distributed and conducted among 350 people from the target society of human capital urban management (Tehran Municipality) during four phases with setting out a questionnaire consisted of 22 items in Likert scale which distributed randomly. Output of first phase supported 19 variables out of 29 first variables. In the next phase, matrix of variables (partial indicators), was formed due to the correlation coefficients and classified and defined according to two main research indicators by variance analysis in which weight of organization index and staff index were calculated 0.623 and 0.597, respectively. Therefore, programing for the improvement according to process cycle for both main indicators and other exploratory indicators was offered.